ADAPALENE

ADAPALENE
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.	106685-40-9
EINECS NO.
FORMULA	C₂₈H₂₈O₃
MOL WT.	412.52
H.S. CODE
TOXICITY
SYNONYMS
6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]-2-naphthoic acid;
CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE	white to off-white crystalline powder
MELTING POINT
BOILING POINT
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
SOLUBILITY IN WATER	Insoluble
pH
VAPOR DENSITY
AUTOIGNITION
NFPA RATINGS	Health: 1 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 0
REFRACTIVE INDEX
FLASH POINT
STABILITY	Stable under ordinary conditions.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATIONS
Adapalene has a retinoid structure and adamantane group is attached. Retinoic acid, belongs to the group vitamin A, plays a role in non-vision functions - regulating the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant cells, where as retinal (metabolically active aldehyde of retinol) is used in vision functions as a component of photoreceptor pigment in the retina of the eye. Vitamin deficiency is one of predisposing factors of acne cause. Retinoic acid is useful as an ingredient in the treatment of acne medicinally. The commonest predisposing factors is hereditary tendencies and abnormal response to the balance in the androgen-estrogen. Treatments ways include skin cleansing, topical agents such as peroxides or retinoic acid derivatives, topical antibacterial agents, and others. Adapalene is used as a topical treatment for acne vulgaris. It is a white to off-white powder; insoluble in water; soluble in tetrahydrofuran, sparingly soluble in ethanol. The chemcial designation is 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]-2-naphthoic acid. Pharmacological actions Anti-acne Antirheumatic Dermatologic Non-narcotic Analgesic Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Peripheral Nervous System Agent Sensory System Agent
SALES SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE	white to off-white crystalline powder
ASSAY	99.0% min
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
HAZARD CLASS
UN NO.
OTHER INFORMATION
`Hazard Symbols: XN, Risk Phrases: 22, Safety Phrases:` Price:
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ADAMANTANE
Adamantane consists of four cyclohexanes fused each other in chair conformations. It is the most stable isomer of formula, C₁₀H₁₆; one of the highest melting point hydrocarbons (> 210 C); boiling point cannot be determined directly as it sublimes easily. Its stability is from strain free and highly symmetrical structure (all C-C bonds are set in and all Cs are tetrahedral). Its systematical name is tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane which means bicyclo[3.3.1]decane with an extra one-carbon bridge between C3 and C7. An alkyl substituent is axial in one ring and equatorial in another. Polymantanes have the same structure as the diamond lattice featuring highly symmetrical and strain free and are named as diamondoids . The general molecular formula of homologous diamondoid is C_4n+6H_4n+12. Diamondoids have one or more cages and are called diamantane, triamantane, and polymantanes. There are numerous structural isomers as well. Aadamantane itself is the simplest diamondoid. Some examples are; iceane (C₁₂H₁₈), diadamantane (C₁₄H₂₀), triadamantane (C₁₈H₂₄), isotetramantane (C₂₂H₂₈), cyclohexamantane (C₂₆H₃₀), superadamantane (C₃₅H₃₆). Natural diamondoids are extracted and purified from petroleum deposits. Diamondoids are being investigated in the new field of nanotechnoloy. Clinically, amantane and its derivatives are employed chiefly for the synthesis of antiviral drugs as well as neurological drugs such as rimantadine and Parkinson’s disease drugs. Their unique structures have the possibility to be applied to produce a broad range of biologically and pharmaceutically active drugs such as anticancer and anti-microbial agents.