Alcohols are
very weak acids as they lose H+ in the hydroxyl group. Alcohols undergoes
dehydration reaction which means the elimination of water molecule replaced by
a pi bond between two adjacent carbon atoms to form alkenes under heating in the
presence of strong acids like hydrocloric acid or phosphoric acid. Primary and
secondary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones respectively.
Carboxylic acids are obtained from oxidation of aldehydes. Oxidation in organic
chemistry can be considered to be the loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen and
reduction to gain hydrogen or loss of oxygen. Tertiary alcohols do not react to
give oxidation products as they have no H attached to the alcohol carbon.
Alcohols undergoes important reactions called nucleophilic substitution in which
an electron donor replaces a leaving group, generally conjugate bases of strong
acids, as a covalent substitute of some atom. One of important reaction of
alcohol is condensation. Ethers are formed by the condensation of two alcohols
by heating with sulfuric acid; the reaction is one of dehydration. Almost
infinite esters are formed through condensation reaction called esterification
between carboxylic acid and alcohol, which produces water. Alcohols are
important solvents and chemical raw materials. Alcohols are intermediates for
the production of target compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines,
plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, ore floatation
agents, pesticides, hydraulic fluids, and detergents.
1,4-Butanediol
is produced based on the method of reacting acetylene with
formaldehyde (Reppe process). Lyondell's feedstock is propylene oxide. Most end use applications, such as spandex fibers and engineering plastics, are
maturing. But as the industry shifts from the acetylene-based Reppe process to cheaper routes
based on propylene, butadiene or butane, better process economics should improve
operating margins, they are still growing faster. 1,4-Butanediol
is used in as a solvent and in coatings. It is used
as a raw material to produce tetrahydrofuran (THF), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resins,
gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), polyurethanes and
other target compounds and pharmaceuticals
SALES
SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE
clear viscous liquid
PURITY
99.5%
min
MELTING
POINT
19
- 20 C
PEROXIDE CONTENT
20ppm
max
COLOR,
APHA
10
max
WATER
0.05%
max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
200kgs
in Drum
HAZARD
CLASS
UN
NO.
OTHER
INFORMATION
Hazard
Symbols: XN N, Risk Phrases: 22, Safety Phrases: 24/25
