GRAMICIDIN

Synonyms. Gramicidin; Gramicidina; Gramicidine; Gramicidinum; Neo-Polycin; Gramicidin J; Gramicidina D; HCO-Val-Gly-D-Leu-Ala-D-Val-Val-D-Val-[Trp-D-Leu]3-Trp-NH2-CH2CH2OH; Mxture of Gramicidin A, Gramicidin B, Gramicidin C, Gramicidin D;

GRAMICIDIN

Click for Original Image

 

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS RN

1405-97-6, 1393-88-0

EINECS RN

215-790-4

FORMULA

 C99H140N20O17

MOLE WEIGHT

1882.29

H.S CODE

 2941.90.1050

SMILES

 N([C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N [C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C (=O) N[C @@H] (C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)C) C(=O)N[C @@H]([C@H](C)C )C(=O)N [C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H]( C(=O)N[C@@H] (C(=O)N[ C@H ](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O) N[C@H](C(=O)NCCO)Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2) CC(C)C)Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)CC(C)C)Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)CC(C)C )Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)[C@@H](C)C)C)CC(C)C)C) [C@@H](C)C)C=O

CLASSIFICATION

Antibacterial, Anti-Infective, Polypeptide antibiotic

EXTRA NOTES

 A group of peptide antibiotics from bacillus brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of tyrothricin which is used topically for gram-positive organisms. It is toxic to blood, liver, kidneys, meninges, and the olfactory apparatus.
CAS RN (Gramicidin A: 11029-61-1, Gramicidin B: 11041-38-6, Gramicidin C: 9062-61-7, Gramicidin D: 1393-88-0)

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE.

white crystalline powder

MELTING POINT

 

BOILING POINT

 

DENSITY

 

SOLUBILITY IN WATER

Insoluble

SOLVENT SOLUBILITY Soluble in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, acetone, formamide

VAPOR DENSITY

 

log P(octanol-water)

  

VAPOR PRESSURE

  

AUTOIGNITION TEMP

  
pH

 

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 

FLASH POINT

 

 
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
STABILITY Stable under normal conditions. Hygroscopic and light sensitive

INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS

Strong oxidizing agents.

POLYMERIZATION

Has not been reported

NFPA RATINGS

Health: 3,Flammability: 0, Reactivity: 1

 

EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Wikipedia Linking - Gramicidin

Google Scholar Search - Gramicidin

Drug Information Portal (U.S. National Library of Medicine) - Gramicidin

PubChem Compound Summary - Gramicidin

Drug Bank -  Gramicidin

KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) - Gramicidin

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ - Gramicidin

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ - Gramicidin

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/
Biochem/physiol Actions:Linear polypeptide antibiotic, a mixture of gramicidin A, B, C, and D. Gramicidin D, a channel-forming ionophore that flip-flops slowly across the membrane is a known Pgp substrate and surprisingly was found to inhibit Pgp ATPase activity. This inhibition was reversed by other Pgp substrates suggesting a common drug binding site among MDR substrate-type drugs and chemosensitizers.

 

SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

white crystalline powder
ASSAY 98.0% ~ 102.0%

OPTICAL ROTATION

+14.5° ~ 16.5°
RELATED SUBSTANCES

2.0% max

pH

4.5 ~ 6.0
HEAVY METALS

20ppm max
RESIDUE ON IGNITION 0.5% max
LOSS ON DRYING

5.0% max

 

TRANSPORT & REGULATORY INFORMATION

UN NO.

Not regulated

HAZARD CLASS

  
PACKING GROUP  

 

SAFETY INFORMATION

HAZARD OVERVIEW

OSHA Hazards Target Organ Effect. Target Organs: Liver, Kidney. Not a dangerous substance according to GHS. May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation. May be harmful if swallowed.

EC DIRECTIVES

 

HAZARD CODES

Xn

RISK PHRASES

 20/21-36/37/38

SAFETY PHRASES

 26-36-24/25-22

 

PACKING