EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.	50-98-6
EINECS NO.	200-074-6
FORMULA	C₆H₅CH[CH(NHCH₃)CH₃]OH·HCl
MOL WT.	201.70
H.S. CODE
TOXICITY
SYNONYMS	L-(-)-Ephedrine hydrochloride; Efedrina, clorhidrato;
(1R,2S)-(-)-Ephedrine hydrochloride; (-)-2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-propane-1-ol hydrochloride; alpha-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]benzyl alcohol hydrochloride; Eephedrine, chlorhydrate; [R-(R',S')] alpha-[1-(methylamino)ethyl] Benzenemethanol, hydrochloride; L-alpha-(1-Methylaminoethyl)benzyl alcohol hydrochloride; (1R,2S)-2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol monohydrochloride;
CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE	White fine powder
MELTING POINT	217 - 220 C
BOILING POINT
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
SOLUBILITY IN WATER	Soluble (soluble in alcohol)
pH	4.5 - 6
VAPOR DENSITY
AUTOIGNITION
NFPA RATINGS
REFRACTIVE INDEX
FLASH POINT
STABILITY	Stable under ordinary conditions.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic alkaloid originally obtained from species of Ephedra or prepared synthetically. Its action is similar to that of epinephrine (a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter). Its effects, although less powerful, are more prolonged, and it exerts action when administered orally, whereas epinephrine is effective only by injection. It is used as muscle relaxants, central nervous system and cardiac muscle stimulants in combination with others like theophylline. It is used to prevent hypotension during spinal and infiltration anesthesia; and as a mydriatic. There are enantiomers in ephedrine structure. (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-enantiomers are designated ephedrine (opposite stereoisomerisms around the chiral center), whereas (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-enantiomers are designated pseudoephedrine. Commercial ephedrine is (-)-(1R,2S)-ephedrine [also called (-)-Ephedrine or L-ephedrine], while commercial pseudoephedrine enantiomer is (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine [(+)-pseudoephedrine or D-pseudoephedrine]. Pseudoephedrine has less pressor action and fewer central stimulant effects than ephedrine. Pseudoephedrine is used as a nasal decongestant and a bronchodilator to relaxe and open the air passages to the lung to increase the flow of air, and thus is used in the treatment and/or prevention of symptoms of bronchial asthma and of reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
SALES SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE	White crystalline fine powder
IDENTIFICATION	passes test A,B
ASSAY	98.5.% - 101.5%
RELATED SUBSTANCE	Complies
OPTICAL ROTATION	-33° ~ -35° (C=4 in water)
VOLATILES	Complies
SOLVENT RESIDUE	Complies
HEAVY METALS	20ppm max
LOSS ON DRYING	0.5% max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
HAZARD CLASS
UN NO.
OTHER INFORMATION
`Hazard Symbols: XN, Risk Phrases:` 22, `Safety Phrases:` 22-23
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TYRAMINE & TRYPTAMINE
Tyramine [4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol] is a monoamine compound of 4-hydroxy phenethylamine. It is derived from tyrosine, an amino acid (protein building block) that is the precursor of norepinephrine. It, through its effect on neurotransmitters, may affect several health conditions, including Parkinson's disease, depression, alcohol withdrawal support, and Phenylketonuria. (PKU). Tyramine is naturally found in plant and animal tissues, certain cheeses and ergot or produced synthetically. It is metabolized by monoamine oxidase. Tyramine or its derivatives can be used in pharmaceutical industry such as: Sympathomimetic or adrenergic drugs themselves or intermediate of them. Intermediate for bezafibrate used in the treatment of high cholesterol levels. Determination of peroxide activity in the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for insulin. False transmitter. Tryptamine [3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole] is a biologically important monoamine compound derived by the decarboxylation of tryptophan, indole side chain amino acid. In addition to its function to build the structure of protein, tryptophan is a precursor for neurotransmitter and neurohormone. Tryptamine (biological monoamine) effects vasoconstriction by causing the release of norepinephrine at postganglionic nerve endings. Several mental disorders and health conditions are explained as due to either an excess or deficiency of monoamines. There are many natural tryptamines in both animal and plant as well as synthetics modified by chemical constituents and substituted at appropriate positions in the motif. Common tryptamine class compounds include; Bufotenine (CAS #: 487-93-4): (5-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, pressor agent, epinephrine-like. DMT (CAS #: 61-50-7): N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, a psychedelic and hallucinogenic. Melatonin (CAS #: 73-31-4, 8041-44-9): N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, biological clock hormone. Psilocin: 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Psilocybin (CAS #: 520-52-5): 4-Phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, a hallucinogenic. Serotonin (CAS #: 50-67-9): 5-Hydroxytryptamine, a vasoconstrictor. Sumatriptan( CAS #: 103628-46-2) 4-Hethylaminosulfonyl-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, selective serotonin antagonist used in the treatment of migraine headache.
PRICE INFORMATION