NIACINAMIDE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

98-92-0

C₆H₆N₂O

122.13

H.S. CODE

TOXICITY

CLASSIFICATION

Vitamin, Vitamin B Complex

EXTRA NOTES

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

White to off white powder

1g dissolves about in 10ml glycerol, 1.5ml alcohol. Soluble in butanol and chloroform.

AUTOIGNITION

NFPA RATINGS

REFRACTIVE INDEX

150 C

EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Wikipedia Linking

Google Scholar Search

Drug Information Portal (U.S. National Library of Medicine) - Niacinamide

PubChem Compound Summary - Niacinamide

Drug Bank -  Niacinamide

KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) -  Niacinamide

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/ -  Niacinamide

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ -  Niacinamide

Human Metabolome Database - Niacinamide

Material Safety Data Sheet

http://www.food.gov.uk/
Chemistry: Niacin (vitamin B3) is the generic term for nicotinic acid (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid) and nicotinamide (nicotinic acid amide), and the coenzyme forms of the vitamin. Nicotinamide is the active form, which functions as a constituent of two coenzymes, namely, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). These coenzymes in their reduced states (NADH/NADPH) are the principal forms of niacin that exist in animal tissues. Natural occurrence: Free nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are present in nature in only small amounts. Nicotinic acid is mainly bound to macromolecules in plants, while nicotinamide is usually a component of NADP in the animal world. Nicotinic acid can be formed in humans from the metabolism of dietary tryptophan, and so niacin is not really a vitamin providing adequate tryptophan is available.

http://www.webmd.com/
Niacin and niacinamide are forms of Vitamin B3. Vitamin B3 is found in many foods including yeast, meat, fish, milk, eggs, green vegetables, beans, and cereal grains. Niacin and niacinamide are also found in many vitamin B complex supplements with other B vitamins. Niacin is used for high cholesterol. It is also used along with other treatments for circulation problems, migraineheadache, dizziness, and to reduce the diarrhea associated with cholera. Niacin is also used for preventing positive urine drug screens in people who take illegal drugs. Niacinamide is used for treating diabetes and two skin conditions called bullous pemphigoid and granuloma annulare. Niacin or niacinamide is used for preventing vitamin B3 deficiency and related conditions such as pellagra. Each of these forms of vitamin B3 is used for schizophrenia, hallucinations due to drugs, Alzheimer¡¯s disease and age-related loss of thinking skills, chronic brain syndrome, depression, motion sickness, alcohol dependence, and fluid collection (edema). Some people use niacin or niacinamide for acne, leprosy, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), memory loss, arthritis, preventing premenstrual headache, improving digestion, protecting against toxins and pollutants, reducing the effects of aging, lowering blood pressure, improving circulation, promoting relaxation, improving orgasm, and preventing cataracts. Niacinamide is applied to the skin for treating a skin condition called inflammatory acne vulgaris.

Local:
Niacin (also called Nicotinic Acid) and Niacinamide (also called Nicotinamide), two compounds of water-soluble vitamin B complex, are active in the metabolism of body. Chemically they are 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3-Pyridinecarboxamide respectively. Commercially, niacin is obtained from beta -picoline or from quinoline, which are both obtainable from coal tar. Niacinamide, more water soluble, is the amide form of niacin. When an amide molecule attaches itself to niacin, it becomes niacinamide. The B vitamins niacin and niacinamide are known as preventives of pellagra,. Niacin is interchangeable in metabolism with its amide, niacinamide . Nicotinamide is hydrolyzed to the acid in the digestive tract of non-ruminants. After absorption in the mucosa, the amide is formed again. In the rumen of ruminants, nicotinamide is converted in a short time to nicotinic acid. Nicotinamide and nicotinic acid are therefore equivalent in action in the case of farm animals. These are key ingredients in animal feed and animal feed premixes as these contribute to numerous metabolic reactions  as hydrogentransferring coenzymes. Niacin acts to reduce plasma cholesterol, as a vasodilator and to treat pellagra.  Niacin is used for the prophylaxis. Their derivatives are used for these effects.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

USP

APPEARANCE

White to off white powder

Pass Test

98% min

0.5% max

128 - 131 C

0.1% max

20ppm max

0.02% max

0.025% max

99% (pass 40mesh)

HAZARD OVERVIEW

Irritating to eyes and skin on contact. Inhalation causes irritation of the lungs and respiratory system.

GHS

PICTOGRAMS

HAZARD STATEMENTS

H319  Causes serious eye irritation

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

P280  Wear eye protection/face protection
P305 + P351 + P338  IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing

Xi Irritant

RISK PHRASES

36  Irritating to eyes

SAFETY PHRASES

26  In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
37/39  Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.