PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

TOXICITY

SMILES

CLASSIFICATION

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

173 C

AUTOIGNITION

REFRACTIVE INDEX

NFPA RATINGS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS

Carbonyl groups are: 

• Aldehydes (X and Y = H; X = H, Y = alkyl or aryl)
• Ketones (X and Y = alkyl or aryl)
• Carboxylic acids (X = OH, Y = H, alkyl, or aryl)
• Esters (X = O-alkyl or aryl; Y = H, alkyl, or aryl)
• Amides (X = NH, N-alkyl, or N-aryl; Y = H, alkyl, or aryl)
• Acid halides
• Acid anhydrides
• Lactones
• Lactams

Ketone has the general formula RCOR' where the groups R and R' may be the same or different, or incorporated into a ring (R and R' are alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic radicals). The simplest example, R and R´ are methyl group, is acetone (also called 2-propanone, CH₃COCH₃) which is one of the most important ketones used in industry (low molecular weight ketones are general purpose solvents.) In the IUPAC system, the suffix -one is used to describe ketone with the numbering of the carbon atom at the end that gives the lower number. For example, CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₂CH₃ is named 3-hexanone because the whole chain contains six carbon atoms and the oxygen is connected to the third carbon from the lower number. There are aromatic ketones of which acetophenone and bezophenone are examples. Ketones can be made by the oxidation of secondary alcohols and the destructive distillation of certain salts of organic acids. In addition to as polar solvents, ketones are important intermediates in the syntheses of organic compounds such as alkoxides, hydroxyalkynes, imines, alcohols (primary, secondary as well as tertiary), acetals, thioacetals, phosphine oxides, geminal diols, hydrazones, organic sulfite and cyanohydrins.  

APPEARANCE

99.5% min

20 max

WATER

0.05% max