n-BUTYRIC ACID


PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS NO.

107-92-6

n-BUTYRIC ACID

EINECS NO. 203-532-3
FORMULA CH3CH2CH2COOH
MOL WT.

88.11

H.S. CODE 2915.60

TOXICITY

Oral rat LD50: 2000 mg/kg
SYNONYMS

Butanic Acid; Butanoic Acid; Propylformic Acid; Butyrate;

Buttersaeure (German); Ethylacetic Acid; Kyselina Maselna (Czech); 1-Propanecarboxylic Acid;

SMILES

Oxidation of n-Butyraldehyde

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE

clear liquid

MELTING POINT -7 - -5 C
BOILING POINT

163 - 165 C

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.958
SOLUBILITY IN WATER miscible
pH

 

VAPOR DENSITY 3

AUTOIGNITION

425 C

REFRACTIVE INDEX

1.3969

NFPA RATINGS

Health: 3 Flammability: 2 Reactivity: 0
FLASH POINT

71 C

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions

DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATIONS

n-Butyric acid is a saturated four-carbon carboxylic acid which is a clear liquid, with a suffocating odor and with melting point -6 C and boiling point 164 C. It occurs naturally in rancid butter, in much animal fat and in plant oil. It is soluble in water, ethanol and ether. It can be obtained by the fermentation of sugar or starch, brought about by the addition calcium carbonate or by the oxidation of butanol in the presence of potassium permanganate. There is a structural formula called isobutyric acid which can not be obtained by the fermentation but by the oxidation of isopropyl alcohol with potassium bichromate and sulfuric acid. Isobutyric acid melts at -47 C and boils at 154 C. It is slightly soluble in water but soluble in ethanol, ether and organic solvents. Butyric acid is a strong acid and reacts with bases, strong oxidants and metals. It is used to eliminate calcium in leather industry. Butyric acid family products, such as their esters, are used for the production of plastics, plasticizers, surfactants and textile auxiliaries. They are used in food additives, flavorings, varnishes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals and disinfectants. Aminobutyric acid is a four-carbon carboxylic acid, to which an amino group is attached. There are three structural isomers, alpha, beta, gamma-. Alpha-aminobutyric acid is has an amino group substituted at the alpha, or 1 position on the carbon atom next to the acid group, while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the terinal carbon (the gamma, or 4 position). Natural GABA exits in L-form only and can be found in plant and animal tissues. It is formed in the metabolism of L-glutamic acid.  It is the central nervous system postsynaptic inhibitory transmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues, including kidney and pancreatic islet beta cells. Gamma- hydroxy butyric acid is an intermediate occurring in metabolism of GABA. There are several hydroxy butyric acid occur at elevated levels in some metabolic disorders.  In biological systems The GABA family products are the parent compounds for a number of psychoactive drugs covering sedation/hypnosis, anxiolysis, anticonvulsant activity, muscle relaxation and anterograde amnesia. Some examples are benzodiazepines, baclofen, bicuculline, barbiturates, picrotoxin, neurosteroids and the general anesthetics.
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

clear liquid

PURITY (GC)

99.0% min

ISOMER IMPURITY

0.2% max

WATER

0.2% max

COLOR, APHA

15 max


TRANSPORTATION
PACKING  
HAZARD CLASS 8 (Packing group: III)
UN NO. 2820
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID
Carboxylic acid is an organic compound whose molecules contain carboxyl group and have the condensed chemical formula R-C(=O)-OH in which a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom by a solid bond and to a hydroxyl group by a single bond), where R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group. Carboxylic acids can be synthesized if aldehyde is oxidized. Aldehyde can be obtained by oxidation of primary alcohol. Accordingly, carboxylic acid can be obtained by complete oxidation of primary alcohol. A variety of Carboxylic acids are abundant in nature and many carboxylic acids have their own trivial names. Examples are shown in table. In substitutive nomenclature, their names are formed by adding -oic acid' as the suffix to the name of the parent compound. The first character of carboxylic acid is acidity due to dissociation into H+ cations and RCOO- anions in aqueous solution. The two oxygen atoms are electronegatively charged and the hydrogen of a carboxyl group can be easily removed. The presence of electronegative groups next to the carboxylic group increases the acidity. For example, trichloroacetic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid. Carboxylic acid is useful as a parent material to prepare many chemical derivatives due to the weak acidity of the hydroxyl hydrogen or due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen. The easy dissociation of the hydroxyl oxygen-hydrogen provide reactions to form an ester with an alcohol and to form a water-soluble salt with an alkali. Almost infinite esters are formed through condensation reaction called esterification between carboxylic acid and alcohol, which produces water. The second reaction theory is the addition of electrons to the electron-deficient carbon atom of the carboxyl group. One more theory is decarboxylation (removal of carbon dioxide form carboxyl group). Carboxylic acids are used to synthesize acyl halides and acid anhydrides which are generally not target compounds. They are used as intermediates for the synthesis esters and amides, important derivatives from carboxylic acid in biochemistry as well as in industrial fields. There are almost infinite esters obtained from carboxylic acids. Esters are formed by removal of water from an acid and an alcohol. Carboxylic acid esters are used as in a variety of direct and indirect applications. Lower chain esters are used as flavouring base materials, plasticizers, solvent carriers and coupling agents. Higher chain compounds are used as components in metalworking fluids, surfactants, lubricants, detergents, oiling agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents textile treatments and emollients, They are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of a variety of target compounds. The almost infinite esters provide a wide range of viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and other physical and chemical properties for the proper application selections. Amides are formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acids with an amine. Carboxylic acid's reaction to link amino acids is wide in nature to form proteins (amide), the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells. Polyamide is a polymer containing repeated amide groups such as various kinds of nylon and polyacrylamides. Carboxylic acid are in our lives.

ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

COMMON NAME

SYSTEMATIC NAME

CAS RN

FORMULA

MELTING POINT

Formic Acid

Methanoic acid 64-18-6

HCOOH

8.5 C
Acetic Acid Ethanoic acid 64-19-7 CH3COOH

16.5 C

Carboxyethane Propionic Acid 79-09-4 CH3CH2COOH

-21.5 C

Butyric Acid n-Butanoic acid 107-92-6 CH3(CH2)2COOH

-8 C

Valeric Acid n-Pentanoic Acid 109-52-4 CH3(CH2)3COOH

-19 C

Caproic Acid n-Hexanoic Acid 142-62-1 CH3(CH2)4COOH

-3 C

Enanthoic Acid n-Heptanoic acid 111-14-8 CH3(CH2)5COOH

-10.5 C

Caprylic Acid n-Octanoic Acid 124-07-2 CH3(CH2)6COOH

16 C

alpha-Ethylcaproic Acid 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid 149-57-5 CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)COOH

-59 C

Valproic Acid 2-Propylpentanoic Acid 99-66-1 (CH3CH2CH2)2CHCOOH

120 C

Pelargonic Acid n-Nonanoic Acid 112-05-0 CH3(CH2)7COOH

48 C

Capric Acid n-Decanoic Acid 334-48-5 CH3(CH2)8COOH

31 C