PYRIDINE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS NO. 110-86-1

PYRIDINE

EINECS NO. 203-809-9
FORMULA C5H5N
MOL WT. 79.10
H.S. CODE 2933.31

TOXICITY

Oral rat LD50: 891 mg/kg;
SYNONYMS Azabenzene; Azine; Pyridin (German); Piridina (Spanish);
Piridina (Italian); Pirydyna (Polish);

SMILES

 

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE Colorless to yellow liquid
MELTING POINT -41 C
BOILING POINT

115 C

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.982
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Miscible
pH 8.5 (0.2m solution)
VAPOR DENSITY 2.72

AUTOIGNITION

480 C

REFRACTIVE INDEX

1.5102

NFPA RATINGS

Health: 2 ; Flammability: 3 ; Reactivity: 0
FLASH POINT

17 C

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
PYRIDINE, also called azabenzene and azine, is a heterocyclic aromatic tertiary amine characterized by a six-membered ring structure composed of five carbon atoms and a nitrogen which replace one carbon-hydrogen unit in the benzene ring (C5H5N). The simplest member of the pyridine family is pyridine itself. It is colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a unpleasant odor, miscible with water and with most organic solvents, boils at 115 C. Its aqueous solution is slightly alkaline. Its conjugate acid is called pyridinium cation, C5H5NH+, used as a oxidation agent for organic synthesis.. Pyridine is a base with chemical properties similar to tertiary amines. Nitrogen in the ring system has an equatorial lone pair of electrons, that does not participate in the aromatic pi-bond. Its aqueous solution is slightly alkaline. It is incompatible and reactive with strong oxidizers and strong acids, and reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, maleic anhydride, oleum, perchromates, b-propiolactone, formamide, chromium trioxide, and sulfuric acid. Liquid pyridine easily evaporates into the air. If it is released to the air, it may take several months to years until it breaks down into other compounds. Usually, pyridine is derived from coal tar or synthesized from other chemicals, mainly acetaldehyde and ammonia. Pyridine compounds are found in nature. For example, nicotine from tobacco, ricinine from castor bean, pyridoxine or vitamin B and P products, alkaloids (such as coniine, piperine and nicotine), and etc. Some pyridine compounds consumed largely are;

Picoline : Three structural isomers of methyl pyridines (alpha, beta, gamma- positions)
Lutidine : Six structural isomers of dimethyl pyridines (2,3-, ,24-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, 3,5- positions)
Collidine : Three structural isomers of trimethyl pyridines (2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,6- positions)
Pyrimidine: Pyridine alteration containing nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3
Piperidine: Hexahydropyridine (saturated form)
Nicotinic acid: pyridine-3-carboxylic acid

Pyridine and its derivatives are very important in industrial field as well as in bio chemistry. Nucleotide consist of either a nitrogenous heterocyclic base (purine or pyrimidine). Three major pyrimidines in living systems are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Pyrimidine and its derivatives are biologically important components of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and coenzymes. Some pyridine system is active in the metabolism in the body. They can be the parent compound of many drugs, including the barbiturates. Pyridine and its derivatives are used as solvents and starting material for the synthesis of target compounds such as insecticides, herbicides, medicines, vitamins, food flavorings, feed additives, dyes, rubber chemicals, explosives, disinfectants, and adhesives. Pyridine is also used as a denaturant for antifreeze mixtures, as a dyeing assistant in textiles and in fungicides. Compounds not made from pyridine but containing its ring structure include niacin and pyridoxal; isoniazid, nicotine, and several other nitrogenous plant products.

SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

Colorless to yellow liquid
PURITY (GC)

99.8% min

MOISTURE

0.05% max

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

0.987 - 0.991

COLOR, APHA

20max

TRANSPORTATION
PACKING 195kgs in Drum
HAZARD CLASS 3 (Packing Group: II)
UN NO. 1282
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: F XN, Risk Phrases: 11-20/21/22, Safety Phrases: 26-28