ANTHRACENE (PARANAPHTHALENE)

ANTHRACENE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS NO.

120-12-7

ANTHRACENE

EINECS NO. 204-371-1

FORMULA C₁₄H₁₀

MOL WT. 178.23

H.S. CODE 2902.90

TOXICITY

SYNONYMS Paranaphthalene; Anthracen (German); Anthraxcene;

SMILES coal tar

CLASSIFICATION

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE White to yellow crystalline flakes with green fluorescence

MELTING POINT 216 - 218 C

BOILING POINT 340 C

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.24

SOLUBILITY IN WATER Insoluble

SOLVENT SOLUBILITY

soluble in alcohols, benzene, Hydronaphthalenes, carbon disulfide, chloroform, and other organic solvents

AUTOIGNITION

538 C

VAPOR DENSITY 6.2

NFPA RATINGS Health: 1 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0

FLASH POINT

121 C

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions. Light sensitive.

APPLICATIONS

Anthracene is a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbonn derived from coal tar; melts at 218°C,boils at 354°C, insoluble in water but is soluble in most organic solvents such as carbon disulfide, alcohols, benzene, chloroform, and hydronaphthalenes. Its molecular structure consists of three benzenelike rings joined side by side (the general formula C_nH_2n-18) and its oxidation yields anthraquinone, the parent substance of a large class of dyes and pigments. Anthracene is a basic substance for production of anthraquinone, dyes, pigments, insecticides, wood preservatives and coating materials. Anthracene is a nucleus for polymer soluble pigments. Anthracene forms reversible photodimer through the 9-,10- positions in response to light and provides photochromic applications. Anthracene family compounds are base materials for colorings. They have useful functions such as light and temperature sensitivity, heat resistance, conductivity, emittability, and corrosion resistance.

Due to pi-electron cloud overlaps, anthracene exhibits semiconductor property. Organic semiconductors have some merits of self radiation, flexibility, light weight, easy fabrication, and low cost. They have been investigated as organic electroluminescence materials for the applications in organic solar cells, biosensitizers and display devices such as OLED(Organic Light Emiting Diode), OTFT(Organic Thin Film Transistor), Wearable Display, and e-paper. Some examples of organic electroluminescence materials are:

Oligomer Electro Luminescence Materials

8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum
Anthracene
Pentacene
Penyl substituent cyclopentadiene derivatives
Phthaloperinone derivatives
Perylene derivatives
Rubrene

Polymer Electro Luminescence Materials

Polyaniliness
Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s
Poly(thiophene)s
Poly(alkylfluorene)s
Poly(acetylene)s

SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

yellowish flakes

ASSAY

95.0% min

VOLATILE CONTENT 0.5% max

TRANSPORTATION

PACKING 25ks in bag. 1mt in bag

HAZARD CLASS

UN NO.

OTHER INFORMATION

Hazard Symbols: XI, Risk Phrases: 36/37/38, Safety Phrases: 22/36

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PAHs

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (also called polynuclear hydrocarbons) have two or more single or fused aromatic rings if a pair of carbon atoms is shared between rings in their molecules. In particular, the term 'PAH' refers to the compounds consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms while the wider term 'polycyclic aromatic compounds' includes the alkyl-substituted derivatives and functional derivatives such as nitro- and hydroxy-PAH as well as the heterocyclic analogues, which contain one or more hetero atoms in the aromatic structure. PAHs exist in various combinations that manifest various functions such as light sensitivity, heat resistance, conductivity, emittability, corrosion resistance and physiological action. The simplest examples are naphthalene having two benzene rings side by side and biphenyl having two bond-connected benzene rings. PAHs are not found in synthetic products and are non-essential for the growth of living cells. The general characteristics of PAH describe high melting- and boiling-points (they are solid), low vapour pressure, and very low water solubility, decreasing with increasing molecular weight whereas resistance to oxidation, reduction, and vapourization increases. Vapour pressure tends to decrease with increasing molecular weight. PAHs are highly lipophilic and readily soluble in organic solvents. The lower molecular weight PAHs of 2 or 3 ring groups such as naphthalenes, fluorenes, phenanthrenes, and anthracenes have toxicity which tends to decrease with increasing molecular weight. PAHs are not synthesized chemically for industrial purposes but are isolated from concentrated coal-tar products (or from pyrolysis of coal hydrocarbons) followed by subsequent purification through repeated distillation and crystallization. Some PAHs such as naphthalene are also obtained from the concentration of the high boiling residual oil (and asphalt) derived from crude petroleum refinery processing. These PAHs are mostly used as intermediaries in pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, photographic products, thermosetting plastics, lubricating materials, and other chemical industries. General uses are;

Acenaphthene: Intermediate for naphthalic acids, naphthalic anhydride (intermediate for pigments) and for acenaphthylene (intermediate for resins); Intermediate for dyes, soaps, pigments, pharmaceuticals, insecticide, fungicide, herbicide and plant growth hormones. It is used to manufacture plastics and as an agent for inducing polyploidy.
Acridine: Dye and pharmaceutical manufacturing
Anthracene: Its oxidation yields anthraquinone, the parent substance of a large class of dyes and pigments; .diluent for wood preservatives; scintillant (for detection of high-energy radiation)
Fluoranthene: manufacturing fluorescent and vat dyes, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Fluorene: basic subsance for production of dyes, pigments, pesticides, thermoset plstic and pharmaceuticals; manufacturing fluorenone (mild oxidizing agent)
Naphthalene: In the production of phthalic anhydride, carbaryl insecticide, beta-naphthol, tanning agents, moth repellent, and surfactants - naphthalene: main use: production of phthalic anhydride (intermediate for polyvinyl chloride plasticizers); also, production of azo dyes, surfactants and dispersants, tanning agents, carbaryl (insecticide), alkylnaphthalene solvents (for carbonless copy paper), and use without processing as a fumigant (moth repellent)
Phenanthrene: manufacturing phenanthrenequinone (intermediate for pesticides); manufacturing diphenic acid (intermediate for resins)
Pyrene: manufacturing perinon pigments
Quinoline: solvent for resins & terpines; decarboxylation agent; parent compound to make drugs, fungicides, biocides, alkaloids, dyes, rubber chemicals and flavoring agents

Precise PAHs, specific refined products are used also in the field of electronics, functional plastics and liquid crystals. Pharmaceutical and agricultural PAHs obtained from coal tar are such materials as indole, indolizine, indene, quinoline, quinalidine, isoquinoline and their derivatives. High boiling-point special solvent are such materials as tetoralin, decaline, methyl-naphthalenes. Coumarins and dihydrocoumarins which can be obtained from coal tar are PAHs used in perfumery. Thermosensitive paper sensitizer PAHs are such materials as p-benzylbiphenyl and ethylbiphenyl.

EXAMPLES OF PAH PARENT COMPOUNDS

PENTALENE	INDENE (CAS RN: 95-13-6)

NAPHTHALENE (CAS RN: 91-20-3)	AZULENE (CAS RN: 275-51-4)

HEPTALENE	BIPHENYLENE (CAS RN: 259-79-0)

as-INDACENE	s-INDACENE

ACENAPHTHALENE (CAS RN: 83-32-9)	FLUORENE (CAS RN: 86-73-7)

PHENALENE (CAS RN: 203-80-5)	ANTHRACENE (CAS RN:120-12-7)

FLUORANTHENE (CAS RN: 206-44-0)	ACEPHENANTHRYLENE

TRIPHENYLENE (CAS RN: 217-59-4)	PYRENE (CAS RN: 129-00-0)

CHRYSENE (CAS RN: 218-01-9)	NAPHTHACENE (CAS RN: 92-24-0)

PLEIADENE (CAS RN: )	PICENE (CAS RN: 213-46-7)

PERYLENE (CAS RN: 198-55-0)	PENTAPHENE (CAS RN: 222-93-5)

PENTACENE (CAS RN: 135-48-8)	TETRAPHENYLENE (CAS RN: 212-74-8)

RUBICENE (CAS RN: 197-61-5)	CORONENE (CAS RN: 191-07-1)

PYRANTHRENE (CAS RN: 191-13-9)	OVALENE (CAS RN:190-26-1)