PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

HOOC(CH₂)₄COOH

TOXICITY

SMILES

C(CCCCC(O)=O)(O)=O

CLASSIFICATION

Dicarboxylic acid, Food acidity regulator

EXTRA NOTES

FEMA No. 2011
Other RN: 1186514-28-2, 7486-39-7 (magnesium salt), 22322-28-7 (calcium salt), 23311-84-4 (hydrochloride salt), 25666-61-9 (potassium salt), 3385-41-9 (ammonium salt), 7486-38-6 (dihydrochloride salt)

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

337 C

3.45 (1%)

AUTOIGNITION

420 C

REFRACTIVE INDEX

NFPA RATINGS

210 C

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS

USA.gov - Adipic Acid

Wikipedia Linking - Adipic Acid

Google Scholar Search - Adipic Acid

U.S. National Library of Medicine - Adipic Acid

PubChem Compound Summary - Adipic Acid

IPCS INCHEM -  Adipic Acid

KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) -  Adipic Acid

ChEBI (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/) -  Adipic Acid

NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) -  Adipic Acid

Material Safety Data Sheet - Adipic Acid

Human Metabolome Database - Adipic Acid
Adipic acid is an important inudstrial dicarboxylic acid with about 2.5 billion kilograms produced per year. It is used mainly in the production of nylon. It occurs relatively rarely in nature. It has a tart taste and is also used as an additive and gelling agent in jello or gelatins. It is also used in some calcium carbonate antacids to make them tart. Adipic acid has also been incorporated into controlled-release formulation matrix tablets to obtain pH-independent release for both weakly basic and weakly acidic drugs.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank - Adipic Acid

EPA - Substance Registry Services - Adipic Acid

Local:
Adipic Acid (also called hexanedioic acid) is a white, crystalline compound of  C6 straight-chain dicarboxylic acid; slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol and acetone. Almost all of the commercial adipic acid is produced from cyclohexane through two sequent oxidation processes. The first oxidation is the reacting of cyclohexane with oxygen in the presents of cobalt or manganese catalysts at a temperature of 150 - 160 C, which produce cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. Then, the intermediates are further reacted with nitric acid and air with a catalyst (copper or vanadium) or without nitric acid. Cyclohexane can be prepared by the hydrogenation of benzene. There are other ways such as the reactions using phenol, butadiene, and various fats as the starting material. Adipic acid consumption is linked almost 90% to nylon production by the polycondensation with hexamethylenediamine. Nylon, having a protein-like structure, is further processed into fibers for applications in carpeting, automobile tire cord  and clothing. Adipic acid is used in manufacturing plasticizers and lubricants components. It is used in making polyester polyols for polyurethane systems. Food grade adipic acid is used as gelling aid, acidulant, leavening and buffering agent. Adipic acid has two carboxylic acid, -COOH, groups, which can yield two kinds of salts. Its derivatives, acyl halides, anhydrides, esters, amides and nitriles, are used in making target products such as flavoring agents, internal plasticizers, pesticides, dyes, textile treatment agents, fungicides, and pharmaceuticals through further reactions of substitution, catalytic reduction, metal hydride reduction, diborane reduction, keto formation with organometallic reagents, electrophile bonding at oxygen, and condensation.

APPEARANCE

99.5% min

5 max

0.2 ppm max

ASH

7 ppm max

NITRATE

5 ppm max

WATER

0.2% max

• Plasticizer for polymers
• Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
• Engineering plastics
• Epoxy curing agent
• Adhesive and powder coating
• Corrosion inhibitor
• Perfumery and pharmaceutical
• Electrolyte

There are almost infinite esters obtained from carboxylic acids. Esters are formed by removal of water from an acid and an alcohol. Carboxylic acid esters are used as in a variety of direct and indirect applications. Lower chain esters are used as flavouring base materials, plasticizers, solvent carriers and coupling agents. Higher chain compounds are used as components in metalworking fluids, surfactants, lubricants, detergents, oiling agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents textile treatments and emollients, They are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of a variety of target compounds. The almost infinite esters provide a wide range of viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and other physical and chemical properties for the proper application selections.