SUPERPHOSPHATE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO. 7758-23-8, 10031-30-8

SUPERPHOSPHATE
EINECS NO. 231-837-1
FORMULA Ca(H2PO4)2·H20
MOL WT. 252.09

H.S. CODE
TOXICITY Oral rat LD50: 17,500 mg/Kg
SYNONYMS Calcium phosphate,monobasic;
Phosphoric acid, monocalcium salt; Monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate; Calcium Dihydrogen Phosphate; Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2:1), monocalcium orthophosphate; calcium superphosphate;
SMILES  

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE White crystals
MELTING POINT  
BOILING POINT  
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.2
SOLUBILITY IN WATER 2 (g/100g)
pH  
VAPOR DENSITY  

AUTOIGNITION

 

NFPA RATINGS

 Health: 1; Flammability: 0; Reactivity: 0

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 
FLASH POINT Not considered to be a fire hazard
STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required for plant growth and productiveness.  The major three elements are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus), the secondary elements are calcium, sulfur, magnesium, and other elements are boron, manganese, iron, zinc, copper and molybdenum. Fertilizers enhance the natural fertility of the soil or replace the chemical elements taken from the soil by harvesting, grazing, leaching or erosion. Organic fertilizers include properly managed barnyard manure, compost and green manure. Manure contains nitrogen and phosphate content. It is sometimes modified with superphosphate to make it a better balanced fertilizer. Compost, decayed to a relatively stable, amorphous state, is made from plant materials mixed with manure and some soil. Green manure is a herbaceous plant material plowed into the soil that has not undergone decay. Artificial fertilizers are inorganic fertilizers formulated in appropriate concentrations and combinations supply three main nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) for various crops and growing conditions. N (nitrogen) promotes leaf growth and forms proteins and chlorophyll. P (phosphorus) contributes to root, flower and fruit development. K (potassium) contributes to stem and root growth and the synthesis of proteins. The common inorganic fertilizers include ammonia (82% nitrogen), NPK combinations, urea (46% nitrogen), superphosphate, mono and dibasic ammonium phosphates (containing nitrogen and phosphate), calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride (muriate of potash). 

Fertilizer

Nutrient wt %

N

P2O5

K2O
Ammonia anhydrous 82    
Ammonia solution 20 - 25    
Ammonium Bicarbonate

15.5

 

 
Ammonium Chloride

25 -27

 

 
Ammonium Phosphate sulfate 13 - 16 20 - 39  
Ammonium Polyphosphate 10 - 11 34 - 37  
Ammonium Thiosulfate 12    
Ammonium Chloride 25 - 26    
Ammonium Nitrate 33 - 34    
Ammonium Sulfate 21    
Ammonium Sulfate Nitrate

26

 

 
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate

20 - 28

 

 
Calcium Cyanamide

20 - 21

 

 
Calcium Nitrate 15    
Diammonium Phosphate 18 - 21 46 - 54  
Dicalcium phosphate

 

35 - 52

 
Kainit

 

 

12 - 22
Monoammonium Phosphate 11 48 - 55  
Nitrogen Solution

28 - 41

 

 
Phosphate Rock

 

26 - 37

 
Potassium Chloride

 

 

60

 
Potassium Magnesium Sulfate

 

 

 
22
Potassium Nitrate 13   44 
Potassium Sulfate

 

 

 
50
Slag Basic

 

12 - 18

 

Slag Potassic

 

 

43
Superphosphate single

 

17 - 20

 
Superphosphate triple

 

44 - 48

 
Sodium Nitrate 16    
Urea Phosphate 17 43 - 44  
Urea 45    
Urea Ammonium Nitrate 28 - 32    
Urea Ammonium Phosphate 21 - 38 13-42  
Urea Sulfate 30 - 40    
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

White Crystal
P2O5

16.0% min
H2O5

4.0% max

WATER

12.0 max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING 50kgs in bag
HAZARD CLASS Not regulated
UN NO.  

OTHER INFORMATION

Hazard Symbols: . Risk Phrases: 36/37/38, Safety Phrases: 26-36
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID
Phosphoric acid is a phosphorus-containing inorganic acid made up of phosphorus, oxygen, and hydrogen. In a broardened term, it includes the monomeric (orthophosphoric acid), dimeric (pyrophosphoric acid), and polymeric (metaphosphoric acid) forms of the acid.  Phosphoric acid commonly indicates the monomeric form orthophosphoric acid. On heating to about 225 C, it dehydrates to form pyrophosphoric acid and to metaphosphoric acid (2HPO3 = P2O5.H2O) at higher temperatures. Pyrophosphates are salts of pyrophosphoric acid and metaphosphates are salts of metaphosphoric acid. Two molecules of orthophosphoric acid are formed when three molecules of water are added to one molecule of phosphorus pentoxide (2H3PO4 = P2O5.3H2O). The pyrophosphates are formed by the loss of 1 molecule of water from 2 moles of an orthophosphate. Pure orthophosphoric acid is a crystalline solid; melting point 42 C; soluble in alcohol, and very soluble in water. Phosphoric Acid violently polymerizes under the influence of azo compounds, epoxides and other polymerizable compounds. It forms toxic fumes of phosphorous oxides when combusted. It is a medium strong acid and attacks metals to release flammable hydrogen gas. Decomposition may occur on contacting with alcohols, aldehydes, cyanides, ketones, phenols, esters, sulfides, halogenated organics compounds.

Phosphoric acid is essential in the body organism as the constituent of bones and teeth as well as in many metabolic process of carbohydrate, fat and protein. Phosphoric acid is abundant in natural foods as the form of free phosphoric acid itself or as the mineral salts (potassium, sodium or calcium). Phosphoric acid is used to acidify foods and beverages. But the continuous and excessive absorption of beverages particularly Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola which contain large amount of phosphoric acid should be limited. Phosphate excretion takes place in the form of calcium phosphate. The excessive amounts of phosphoric acid in the body may cause calcium deficiency which causes poor teeth and weak bone density (osteoporosis). Phosphoric acid is used in pharmaceutical preparations as a solvent and as a gastric acidifier orally.  Phosphoric acid is important raw material in industrial field. It is a tribasic acid (having three replaceable hydrogen atoms) which can forms phosphates with either one, two, or all three of the hydrogen by replacing with some other positive ion. The structure of the phosphate anion consists of phosphorus at the center of a tetrahedron defined by a solid bond between one oxygen atom and phosphorus and single bonds for the other oxygen atoms. In this very formal depiction, negative charge is localized on the O atoms of the single P-O bonds. It is used in making fertilizers, electrolytes, electroplating and derusting solutions. It is used in the manufacture of industrial cleaning products, other inorganic and organic phosphoric chemicals, foundry resins, paints, enamels and refractory, antifreeze productions, and textile process materials. It is used in water treatment. Food grade phosphoric acid is used; as a acidulation in soft drink (particularly cola); ph control in imitation jellies; nutrient in production of yeast; bacteria growth control in selected processed foods; flocculating agent for clarification of sugar juices after liming process.

  • Phosphorous acid:  a diprotic acid which contains one hydrogen bonded directly to the central phosphorus atom and two hydrogens bonded to oxygen
  • Phosphite:any salt, ester or anion of phosphorous acid
  • Phosphate: any salt, ester or anion of phosphoric acid
  • Phosphide: any binary compound of phosphorus with another element or radical
  • Phosphine:  binary compound of phosphorus with hydrogen or organic compounds derived from this

One of the important phosphates is calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2. The most important phosphorus fertilizer is monobasic calcium phosphate, called superphosphate[Ca(H2PO4)2], derived by treating rock phosphate with sulfuric acid (or phosphoric acid).  Superphosphate is soluble in water and acts as a carrier of phosphorus needed by plants. Dibasic calcium phosphate (CaHPO4) is used in pharmaceuticals, animal feeds, and toothpastes. Tribasic calcium phosphate, [Ca3(PO4)2] is used as a fertilizer and as a plastics stabilizer. Other important inorganic phosphates include ammonium phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4] used as a fertilizer and fire retardant; trisodium phosphate used in detergents and for softening water; mono and disodium phosphate used for dispersion, sequestration, scale inhibition and preparing baking powders. The salt forms of phosphate polymers is used as a sequestering agent. As phosphate polymers themselves are hydrated in water at high temperature or high pH, and thereby revert to a more simple and stable phosphate form, which can no longer sequester metal ions. Industrial phosphates are used in many applications including dispersion, sequestration and scale inhibition. Detergent application is important also, with products such as sodium tripolyphosphate being key ingredients in detergents. Phosphates are used in a wide range of  food products to perform several  functions like retention of natural fluids in the muscle that would otherwise be lost in the aging, cooking, or freeze-thaw processes. Polyphosphates also act in solubilization of myofibrillar proteins that aid in the binding of meat particles. Their presence results in stabilised texture, flavour, and colour.

Mono and dibasic phosphate esters produced by the reaction of either alcohols, alcohol ethoxylates or phenyl ethoxylates with polyphosphoric acid or phosphorous pentoxide are anionic surfactants which have the main feature of the stability in alkaline conditions over other surfactants. They have a wide range of properties including outstanding wetting, emulsification, lubrication, coupling activity and detergency. They exhibit the properties of anti-wear and corrosion inhibition either as free esters or in the forms of metal and amine salts. They are used in:
  • Heavy duty alkaline cleaning products
  • Laundry Detergents
  • Emulsion polymerisation
  • Textile auxiliaries
  • Acid cleaners
  • Metal working fluids
  • Emulsifiers
  • Wetters
  • Dispersants
  • Water based lubricants
  • Intermediate for the synthesis of other anionic surfactants

Phosphoric acid alkyl esters are also used as alkylation agent for nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and as catalysts to produce phenolic and urea resins. They are used flame retarding plasticizers for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastic and vinyl resins as well as as dispersing agents in plastisols. They are used as solvents in liquid-liquid extractants or separation agent of metals. They are is used as heat exchange media and as pigment grinding assistants and antifoam agents.