The IUPAC Name
of free base primuline (mole formula:
C21H14N3NaO3S3,
mole wt.: 475.53893 g/mol)
is 2-[2-(4-Aminophenyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl]-6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-7-sulfonic
acid which has the featured methylated and sulfonated
benzothiazole ring, derived from dehydrothiotoluidine.
Commercially available primuline is usually the homogenous mixture
of sodium salts, which should have at least three benzothiazole rings.
Primuline (Direct Yellow 59), also called thioflavin S
, is a fluorescent
dye which used to
mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. The wave length of the
emitted light from fluorescent
dye is usually longer than that of the incident light. Thioflavin S is
the result from the methylation of dehydrothiotoluidine
in the presence of sulfuric acid. Thioflavine T (Basic Yellow 1) is 4-(3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylaniline
which is derived from dehydrothiotoluidine
by the methylation with hydrochloric acid. They bind to amyloid fibrils and gives a distinct spectral shift;
used to diagnose
amyloid fibrils, both ex vivo and in vitro.