OXYTOCIN ACETATE HYDRATE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS RN

EINECS RN

FORMULA

MOLE WEIGHT

CHEMICAL FAMILY

Cyclic nonapeptide

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE

MELTING POINT

BOILING POINT

DENSITY

SOLUBILITY IN WATER

soluble (Very soluble in dilute solutions of acetic acid and of ethanol; soluble in butanol)

pH

3 - 6 (2% aqueous solution)

VAPOR DENSITY

REFRACTIVE INDEX

FLASH POINT

INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS

Strong oxidizing agents

Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulfur oxides

will nor occur

TOXICITY

Oral Rat: LD50: >20520 micrograms/kg, Oral Mouse: LD50: >514 mg/kg

SAFETY

HAZARD NOTES

This substance is not classified as dangerous

EYE

May cause eye irritation. In case of eye contact, flush eyes with water as a precaution.

SKIN

May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. In case of skin contact, wash off with soap and plenty of water.

INGESTION

May be harmful if swallowed. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Oxytocin is inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract, but it can be absorbed through the oral mucosa.

INHALATION

May cause irritation. May cause respiratory tract irritation. If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration Oxytocin is absorbed through the nasal mucosa.

TARGET ORGANS

Cardiovascular system., Uterus.,

TRANSPORT & REGULATORY INFORMATION

UN NO.

6.1

II

HAZARD SYMBOL

T

RISK PHRASES

23/25-61

SAFETY PHRASES

22-25-36/37-53-45

EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Wikipedia Linking: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a hormone that helps relax and reduce blood pressure and cortisol levels. Oxytocin increases pain thresholds, has anti anxiety effects, and stimulates various types of positive social interaction. In addition, oxytocin promotes growth and healing. The nonapeptide oxytocin, originally known to stimulate labor and milk ejection, appears to play an important role stress and pain. Oxytocin can induce anti-stress-like effects such as reduction of blood pressure and cortisol levels. It increases pain thresholds, exerts an anxiolytic-like effect and stimulates various types of positive social interaction. In addition, it promotes growth and healing. Repeated exposure to oxytocin causes long-lasting effects by influencing the activity of other transmitter systems, a pattern which makes oxytocin potentially clinically relevant. Oxytocin can be released by various types of non-noxious sensory stimulation, for example by touch and warmth. Ingestion of food triggers oxytocin release by activation of vagal afferents. Most likely, oxytocin can also be released by stimulation of other senses such as olfaction, as well as by certain types of sound and light. In addition, purely psychological mechanisms may trigger the release of oxytocin. This means that positive interaction involving touch and psychological support may be health-promoting. The social interaction of daily life, as well as a positive environment, continuously activate this system. In addition, various types of psychotherapy involving transfer of support, warmth and empathy are likely to induce similar effects, which thus contribute to the positive effects of these kinds of therapies. (http://www.raysahelian.com/)

Oxytocin, derived from the Greek words oxus, meaning sharp, and tokos, meaning childbirth, is a peptide hormone consisting of nine amino acids (Mitchell et al, 1998, Engstrom, 2002). The amino acids are: NH2 – Gly – Leu – Pro – Cys – Asn – Gln – Ile – Tyr – Cys, with a disulfide linkage between the two Cys residues (Messer, 2000).  This hormone, to date, is the most potent stimulant of uterine contractions in mammals, and is administered in the clinical setting to induce labor (Serradeil-Le Gal et al, 2004).  Oxytocin is produced in the paraventricular and supraoptical nuclei of the hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior pituitary gland (Engstrom, 2002).  Cervical distension within the uterus causes an action potential to travel to the hypothalamus, signaling the production and release of oxytocin (Blanks et al, 2003). During pregnancy, the quantity of oxytocin produced by the hypothalamus increases by roughly 50% (Russell et al, 1998, Blanks et al, 2003).   Once in circulation, it travels through the blood to its target site.  Oxytocin has a half-life of 5-15 minutes in circulation, after which it is degraded in the liver by oxytocinase (Engstrom, 2002).  In addition, oxytocin is synthesized locally within the epithelium of the uterus (endometrium) (Blanks et al, 2003).  Local and hypothalamic oxytocin leads to myometrial contractions, which ultimately leads to the expulsion of the young (parturition) (Russell et al, 1998, Blanks et al, 2003). (http://web.sau.edu/)

SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

IDENTIFICATION

Amino acid analysis
     Glu: 0.95 - 1.05
     Asp: 0.95 - 1.05
     Pro: 0.95 - 1.05
     Gly: 0.95 - 1.05
     Leu: 0.90 - 1.10
     Ile: 0.90 - 1.10
     Tyr: 0.95 - 1.05
     1/2Cys: 1.4 - 2.1
     Other amino acids: trace
HPLC (pass)

PEPTIDE CONTENT

WATER

5.0% max

0.1% max

MICROBIOLOGY

Total Viable counts: 100 CFU/g max
Bacterial endotoxins: 30 I.U endotoxin/mg max

PRICE INFORMATION