| ACRYLONITRILE | ||
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PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION |
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| CAS NO. |
107-13-1 |
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| EINECS NO. | 203-466-5 | |
| FORMULA | H2C=CHCN | |
| MOL WT. |
53.06 |
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|
H.S. CODE |
2926.10 | |
| TOXICITY | Oral rat LD50: 78 mg/kg | |
| SYNONYMS | Acrylon; Carbacryl; Cyanoethylene; Vinyl Cyanide; | |
| Fumigrain; Propenenitrile; VCN; Acrylnitril; Acrylonitrile monomer; Akrylonitryl; Cianuro di vinile; Cyanure de vinyle; Nitrile acrilico; Nitrile acrylique; Akrylonitril; Vinylkyanid; Cyanoethene; | ||
| DERIVATION |
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|
CLASSIFICATION |
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Over 90 percent of world ACRYLONITRILE capacity is based on the Sohio process for ammoxidation of chemical-grade propylene. BP brought a new reactor train on line at Green Lake in late 1996, raising capacity at the site by 33 percent. In June the company started of a demonstration unit for its new process for producing acrylonitrile directly from propane. Acrylonitrile is usually used for producing Acrylic Fibers, ABS/SAN Synthetic resin. Acrylamide, synthetic rubber and Latex. Acrylonitrile is the colorless, odorless and poisonous liquid, and combines Propylene with ammonia. | ||
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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
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| PHYSICAL STATE | clear liquid | |
|
MELTING POINT |
-83 ~ -84 C |
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| BOILING POINT | 77 - 78 C | |
| SPECIFIC GRAVITY | 0.80 - 0.81 | |
| SOLUBILITY IN WATER | Insoluble | |
| pH | 6.0 - 7.5 (5% Aq. Sol.) | |
| VAPOR DENSITY | 1.8 | |
|
AUTOIGNITION |
480 C |
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|
NFPA RATINGS |
Health: 4; Flammability: 3; Reactivity: 2 | |
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REFRACTIVE INDEX |
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| FLASH POINT | -1 C | |
| STABILITY | May undergo autopolymerization with heating, light, bases and peroxidesmetals or acids. MEHQ is added as an Inhibitor. Presence of oxygen is necessary for the inhibitor to function effectively. Should be stored under an atmosphere containing oxygen 5-21% by volume. | |
|
APPLICATIONS |
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| Adiponitrile, ABS/SAN resins acrylic fibers, acrylamide, nitrile elastomers, polymers, polyols, barrier resins and carbon fibers. | ||
| SALES SPECIFICATION | ||
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APPEARANCE |
Clear liquid Free from suspended matter |
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| ACETONITRILE |
200ppm max |
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| ACIDITY |
20ppm max |
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| ALDEHYDE |
50ppm max |
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| NONVOLATILES |
100ppm max |
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| COLOR, APHA |
10 max |
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| DISTILLATION RANGE |
74.5 - 79.0 C |
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| SPECIFIC GRAVITY |
0.799 - 0.802 |
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| INHIBITOR (MEHG) | 35 - 45 ppm | |
| PRECAUTION IN HANDLING | ||
| Physical
Dangers:The vapour is heavier than air and may travel
along the ground; distant ignition possible. Chemical Dangers:The substance polymerizes due to heating, under the influence of light, bases and peroxides Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion. The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide.Reacts violently with strong oxidants and strong bases causing fire and explosion hazard. Routes Of Exposure: The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion. Inhalation Risk:A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20C Effects Of Short-term Exposure:The substance and the vapour irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the liver and the central nervous system. Exposure far above the OEL may result in death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure: Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.The substance may have effects on the central nervous system and liver. This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans |
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TRANSPORTATION |
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| PACKING | ||
| HAZARD CLASS | 3 | |
| UN NO. |
1093 |
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| OTHER INFORMATION | ||
| European Hazard Symbols: T F, Risk Phrases: 11-23/24/25, 38-45, Safety Phrases: 53-16-45 | ||
| Nitrile is an organic compounds containing cyano group (-C》N, containing
trivalent nitrogen) which is attached to one carbon atom with the general
formula RC》N. Their names are corresponding to carboxylic acids by changing '-ic
acid' to the suffix, '-onitrile' which denotes only the 》N atom (triply bound)
excluding the carbon atom attached to it, or the suffix, '-carbonitrile' where
the carbon atom in the -CN is included, whichever preserves a single letter O.
Examples are acetonitrile from acetic acid and benzonitrile from benzoic acid.
The prefix, 'cyano-' is used as an alternative naming system to indicate the
presence of a nitrile group in a molecule for the compounds of salts and
organic derivatives of hydrogen cyanide (HC》N). Isocyanides are salts and hydrocarbyl
derivatives from the isomer, HN+》C-.
Sodium cyanide, NaCN; potassium
cyanide, KCN; calcium cyanide, Ca(CN)2; and hydrocyanic (or prussic) acid, HCN
are examples. Chemically, the simple inorganic cyanides resemble chlorides in
many ways. Organic nitriles act as solvents and are reacted further for various application including;
·
Extraction solvent for fatty acids,
oils and unsaturated hydrocarbons |
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