ACETIC ACID

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.

64-19-7

ACETIC ACID
EINECS NO. 200-580-7
FORMULA CH3COOH
MOL WT.

60.05

H.S. CODE

 2915.21
TOXICITY Oral rat LD50: 3310 mg/kg
SYNONYMS Ethylic acid; Methanecarboxylic acid; vinegar; Vinegar acid;
Essigsäure; ácido acético; Acide acétique; Ethanoic acid; Acetasol; Octowy kwas; Kyselina octova;
DERIVATION

 

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE clear liquid

MELTING POINT

16.6 C

BOILING POINT 117 - 118 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.05
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Soluble
pH  
VAPOR DENSITY 2.10

AUTOIGNITION

 

NFPA RATINGS

 Health: 3; Flammability: 2; Instability: 0

REFRACTIVE INDEX

  
FLASH POINT 39 C
STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions. Air and light sensitive

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
Acetic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid next to formic acid in which a single hydrogen atom is attached to the carboxyl group. If a methyl group is attached to the carboxyl group, the compound is acetic acid. Acetic acid is a clear, corrosive, flammable liquid; melting point 16.6 C, boiling point 118 C. Pure acetic acid freezes in ice-like crystal form. So pure acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid, which contains 99.5 -100.5 % w/w. It is the two-carbon carboxylic acid, and a systematic name is ethanoic acid. It is completely miscible with water, ethyl alcohol and ether, but is insoluble in carbon disulfide. It is a characteristic component of vinegar and an important biochemical intermediate in the form of acetylcoenzyme A, mostly. Most commercial production of virgin synthetic acetic acid is based on  methanol carbonylation. Significant volumes of acetic acid are recovered in cellulose acetate operations and lesser quantities during production of polyvinyl  alcohol and butyral, peracetic acid, ethylene-vinyl alcohol and acetaminophen and aspirin. Capacity utilization is likely to remain high for the next few years because of good demand for purified terephthalic acid and vinyl acetate monomer.

Vinyl acetate monomer

The largest consumption of acetic acid is as a raw material to produce vinyl acetate by reaction with ethylene and oxygen or with acetylene in the presence of  palladium catalyst. Vinyl acetate is polymerized to polyvinyl acetate by itself and to other copolymers with other monomers. Acetate polymers are important resins used in paints, adhesives, plastics and textile finishes.

Acetic anhydride

The next largest consumption of acetic acid is to produce acetic anhydride by condensation reaction of two acetic acid molecules. This chemical is principally used in the manufacture of cellulose acetate having the application as a base for magnetic tape and in the manufacture of textile fibres. Also, it is heated with salicylic acid to produce acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). It is also used in the manufacture of pigments, dyes, cellulose and pesticides etc.

Solvent

Acetic acid is used as a solvent in the production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene. Terephthalic acid is the raw material for polyester fiber. Terephthalic acid has become a more important raw material for non-fiber field, PET-bottle, PET-film and engineering plastics and as poultry feed additives.

Esters

Considerable quantities of acetic acid are used to manufacture esters such as ethyl and butyl acetate. Acetate esters demonstrate good solvency for many natural and synthetic resins. They are general purpose solvents which are applied commonly in lacquer thinners, wood lacquers and a wide variety of coatings, plasticizer and pharmaceutical fields.

Chloroacetic acid

The stronger acid (chloroacetic acid) is manufactured from acetic acid by reaction with chlorine. Chloroacetic acid reacts with alkali cellulose to produce carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Chloroacetic acid is the parent material for the production of a series of phenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

Acetic acid is used as an acidulant in a wide range of applications from eletroplating to textiles finishing operation. It is used in the manufacture of materials used in the pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics and colorant chemical fields including sorbic acid, dyestuffs and pigments, vitamins, antibiotics, rubber chemicals and flavor & fragrance.
SALES SPECIFICATION
GLACIAL

APPEARANCE

Clear liquid, free from matter in suspension
PURITY

99.85% min

COLOR, HAZEN

5 max

CRYSTALLISING POINT

16.35 C min.

DENSITY

1.048 - 1.051 kg/l at 20 C

NON-VOLATILE MATTER

0.003% max

CHLORIDES

1ppm max

SULFATES

1ppm max

Fe

0.5ppm max

HEAVY METALS

5ppm max

ALDEHYDES

5ppm max

FORMIC ACID

0.05% max

DISTILLATION RANGE

117.5 - 118.5 C

MOISTURE

0.15% max

TRANSPORTATION
PACKING  
HAZARD CLASS 8 (Packing Group: II)
UN NO.

2789
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: C, Risk Phrases: 10-35, Safety Phrases: 23-26-45

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS

Polarity

Group

Formula

Polar

Water

H-OH

↑

Carboxylic Acids

R-COOH

↑

Amides

R-CONH2

↑

Alcohols

R-OH

↑

Amines

R-NH2

↑

Ketones (Aldehydes)

R-CO-R'

↑

Esters

R-COOR'

↑

Alkyl Halides

R-X

↑

Ethers

R-O-R'

↑

Aromatics

Ar-H

Non-polar

Alkanes

R-H
Solvent

CAS RN

 Formula M.W. Boiling Point (°C) Melting Point (°C) Density Solubility in water (g/100g) Dielectric Constant Flash Point (°C)
Acetic Acid 64-19-7 C2H4O2 60.05 118 16.6 1.049 Miscible 6.15 39

Acetic Anhydride

 108-24-7 C4H6O3 102.09

138-140

 -73.11.0812

-

54
Acetone 67-64-1 C3H6O 58.08 56.2 -94.3 0.786 Miscible 20.7(25) -18
Acetonitrile 75-05-8 C2H3N 41.05 81.6 -46 0.786 Miscible 37.5 6
Ammonia solution 7664-41-7 H3N 17.03

-

-

-

-

 22.4

-
Benzene 71-43-2 C6H6 78.11 80.1 5.5 0.879 0.18 2.28 -11

Benzonitrile

 100-47-0 C7H5N 103.12

191

 -13 1.01 Insoluble

-

 71
1-Butanol 71-36-3 C4H10O 74.12 117.6 -89.5 0.81 6.3 17.8 35
2-Butanol 78-92-2 C4H10O 74.12 98 -115 0.808 15 15.8(25) 26

Butyl Acetate

 123-86-4 C6H12O2 116.16

124-126

 -106 0.882 0.68

-

22
tert-Butyl Alcohol 75-65-0 C4H10O 74.12 82.2 25.5 0.786 Miscible 12.5 11
tert-Butyl Methyl Ether 1634-04-4 C5H12O 88.15 55.2 -109 0.741 5.1

-

-28

Carbon Disulfide

 75-15-0 CS2 76.13

46

 -110 1.2632 0.1185

-

 -30
Carbon Tetrachloride 56-23-5 CCl4 153.82 76.7 -22.4 1.594 0.08 2.24 -
Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 C6H5Cl 112.56 131.7 -45.6 1.1066 0.05 2.71 29

1-Chlorobutane

 109-69-3 C4H9Cl 92.57

77-78

 -123.1 0.886 0.07

-

 -6
Chloroform 67-66-3 CHCl3 119.38 61.7 -63.7 1.498 0.795 4.81

-

Cyclohexane 110-82-7 C6H12 84.16 80.7 6.6 0.779 <0.1 2.02 -20
Deuterium oxide 7789-20-0 D2O 20.03 101.3 4 1.107 Miscible

-

-

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

 95-50-1 C6H4Cl2 147.00

180

 -15 1.306 Insoluble

9.93(25)

67
1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 C2H4Cl2 98.96 83.5 -35.3 1.245 0.861 10.42 13
Diethyl Amine 109-89-7 C4H11N 73.14 55.5 -50 0.7074 Miscible 3.6 -39
Diethyl Ether 60-29-7 C4H10O 74.12 34.6 -116.3 0.713 7.5 4.34 -45
Diethyl Ketone 96-22-0 C5H10O 86.13

102

 -39 0.814 4.70

-

 13
Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether 111-96-6 C6H14O3 134.17 162 -68 0.943 Miscible 7.23 67
Diethylene Glycol 111-46-6 C4H10O3 106.12 245 -10 1.118 10 31.7 143
Dimethyl Sulfoxide 67-68-5 C2H6OS 78.13 189 18.4 1.092 25.3 47 95

N,N-Dimethylacetamide

 127-19-5 C4H9NO 87.12

166

-20

0.937Miscible

37.80

66
Dimethylether 115-10-6 C2H6O 46.07 -22 -138.5

-

-

-

-41
N,N-Dimethylformamide 68-12-2 C3H7NO 73.09 153 -61 0.944 Miscible 36.7 58
1,4-Dioxane 123-91-1 C4H8O2 88.11 101.1 11.8 1.033 Miscible 2.21(25) 12
Ethanol 64-17-5 C2H6O 46.07 78.5 -114.1 0.789 Miscible 24.6 13

2-Ethoxyethyl Ether

 112-36-7 C8H18O3 162.23

180-190

 -44 0.909 ≥10

-

82
Ethyl Acetate 141-78-6 C4H8O2 88.11 77