ANTIMONY PENTOXIDE

ANTIMONY PENTOXIDE
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.	1314-60-9
EINECS NO.	215-237-7
FORMULA	Sb₄O₁₀ (Sb₂O₅)
MOL WT.	647.03 (323.51)
H.S. CODE	2825.80
TOXICITY
SYNONYMS	Antimony oxide;
Antimony(V) oxide; Diantimonpentoxid (German); Pentóxido de diantimonio (Spanish); Pentoxyde de diantimoine (French);
DERIVATION
CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE	White to yellowish powder
MELTING POINT
BOILING POINT
SPECIFIC GRAVITY	3.78
SOLUBILITY IN WATER	slightly soluble
SOLVENT SOLUBILITY	soluble in strong bases forming antimonates and HCl
pH
VAPOR DENSITY
AUTOIGNITION
REFRACTIVE INDEX
FLASH POINT
STABILITY	Stable under ordinary conditions
APPLICATIONS
Flame retardant for wide range of plastics, rubbers, paper and textiles . Catalyst in PET production. Activator in glass industry. Flocculant in Titanium Dioxide production. Paints and Adhesives industries. Pigments, Ceramic frites
SALES SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE	White to yellowish powder
Sb₂0₅	80.0% min
Fe	0.002% ma
As	0.015% max
Pb	0.05% max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING	25kgs in bag
HAZARD CLASS
UN NO.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF FLAME RETARDANT AGENT
Flame Retardant are substances that can be chemically inserted into the polymer molecule or be phisically blended in polymers after polymerization to suppress, reduce, delay or modify the propagation of a flame through a plastic materials. There are several classes of flame retardants; Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Chlorine and Bromine containing compounds and reactive flame retardants), Inorganic flame retardants ( Boron compounds, Antimony oxides, Aluminium Hydroxide, molybdenum compounds, zinc and magnesium oxides ), Phosphorous containing compounds (Organic phosphate esters, phosphates, halogenated phosphorus compounds and inorganic phosphorus containing salts). Class of Flame Retardants Inorganic Metal hydroxides Aluminium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Orthers Antimony compounds Antimony trioxide antimony pentoxide Sodium antimonate Others Boron compounds Boric acid Borax Zinc borate Others Other metal compounds Molybdenum compounds Titanium compounds Zirconium compounds Zinc compounds Zinc stannate Zinc hydroxy-stannate Others Others Phosphorus compounds Red phosphorus Ammonium polyphosphate Others Other inorganic flame retardants ammonium sulfamate ammonium bromide Others Halogenated organic Brominated Tetrabromobisphenol A Decabromodiphenyl ether Octabromobiphenyl ether Tetrabromobiphenyl ether Hexabromocyclododecane Tribromophenol Bis(tribromophenoxy) ethane Tetrabromobisphenol A polycarbonate oligomers Tetrabromobisphenol A epoxy oligomers Others Chlorinated Chlorinated paraffins Bis(hexachlorocyclopentadieno)cyclo-octane Others Organophosphoros Non-halogenated compounds phosphate esters Ttrialkyl phosphates Triaryl phosphates Aryl-alkyl phosphates Others polyols phosphonium derivatives phosphonates Others Halogenated phosphates Tris(1-chloro- 2-propyl) phosphate Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate Others Nitrogen-based Polyurethanes Polyamides Melamine and its salts Guanidine compounds Others
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ANTIMONY AND ITS COMPOUNDS
Antimony is a semi-metallic chemical element in Group Va of the periodic table; symbol Sb, atomic number 51; atomic mass 121.75; melting point ca 630.7 C; boiling point at 1,750 C; specific gravity 6.69 at 20 C; valence 0, +3, -3, or +5.; electronic config. [Kr]4d10 5s2 5p3. There are four allotropic forms. The common and stable form is a very brittle, blue-white, hexagonal mineral and has a rhombohedral crystalline structure. Yellow and black antimony shows the properties of unstable non-metals. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity and is easily powdered to be used by itself. The chief ore of antimony is stibnite (Sb₂S₃, antimony trisulfide) which is produced in China and covers three-fourths of the world's mined antimony. It is also found in isomorphous mixture with arsenic, as allemonite. Substantial quantity of antimony are produced as a by-product in the smelting of base metal ores also. The pure antimony is produced from the ore by roasting it to form the oxide, then reducing the oxide with carbon or iron. Antimony is soluble in hot nitric or sulfuric acid and reacts with oxidizing acids and halogens (fluorine, chlorine, or bromine). It does not react with water at room temperature but will ignite and burn in air at higher temperatures. To make stronger, brittle, solidification expanded and low melting point metals, antimony is mixed with other metals such as lead and zinc alloys which are used in solder, bearings, castings, safety matches, and as a red pigment in paint as well as as a hardner in lead storage batteries, the most important use of antimony metal. Antimony is being the important element in the semiconductor industry to make diodes, infrared detectors, and Hall-effect devices. Antimony tartrate was used as an emetic and expectorant, to produce sweating, and treat people infected with parasites, but is poisonous and has toxic side effects. Mined antimony is combined with oxygen to form antimony oxide, one of the most important antimony compounds. Antimony oxide is a white rhombic crystals; melting at 656°C; insoluble in water; powerful reducing agent. Most antimony oxide produced is added to textiles and plastics as fire retardant. It is also used in paints, ceramics and fireworks, and as enamels for plastics, metal and glass. Antimony oxides don't react as flame retardants directly. They are used as synergists to enhance the activity of halogenated flame retardants by stepwise releasing the halogenated radicals to retard gas phase chain reaction of flame spread. There are many antimony compounds for industrial uses; Antimony Acetate [Sb(CH₃COO)₃, CAS RN: 3643-76-3] Catalyst in the productionn of synthetic fibers. Antimony Pentachloride [SbCl₅, CAS RN: 7647-18-9] yellow to red oily hygroscopic liquid; soluble in hydrochloric acid and chloroform; solidifies with moisture and decomposes in excess water; used as an intermediate in synthesis and dyeing, used in analytical testing for cesium and alkaloids. Antimony Pentafluoride [SbF₅, CAS RN: 7783-70-2] moderately viscous liquid; corrosive and hygroscopic; reacts violently with water; soluble in glacial acetic acid; used as a fluorination agent in organic synthesis. Antimony Pentasulfide [Sb₂S₅, CAS RN: 1315-04-4] Also known antimony red, an yellow to orange powder; insoluble in water; soluble in alkal and in concentrated hydrochloric acid; used as a red pigment. Antimony Potassium Tartrate [K₂[Sb₂(C₄H₄O₆)₂]·3H₂O, CAS RN; 11071-15-1] white crystalline powder with a sweetish taste It is used as a mordant or fixing agent in the leather and textile dying as well as an analytical reagent and flux additive for electoplating. It is used in making insecticides or pesticides. It was used as a parasiticide or as an emetic and expectorant. Antimony Sulfate [Sb₂(SO₄)₃, CAS RN: 7446-32-4] white deliquescent powder; soluble in acids; used in organic synthesis. Antimony Trichloride [SbCl₃, CAS RN: 10025-91-9] Orthorhombic deliquescent hygroscopic crystals; soluble in alcohol and acetone; reacts with moisture forming antimony oxychloride in air; used as a chlorinating agent, as a fireproofing agent in textiles; in bronzing steel and as a mordant in dyeing as well as a caustic in medicine. Antimony Trifluoride [SbF₃, CAS RN: 7783-56-4] orthorombic deliquescent crystals; soluble in water; used as a fluorination agent in organic synthesis, in dying and to make porcelain and pottery. Antimony Triiodide [SbI₃, CAS RN:7790-44-5] Antimony Trioxide [Sb₂O₃, CAS RN; 1327-33-9 (base), 1309-64-4 (trioxide), 1332-81-6 (tetraoxide), 1314-60-9 (pentaoxide)] white rhombic crystals; insoluble in water; melts at 656 C; used as a powerful reducing agent, flame retardant for wide range of plastics, rubbers, paper and textiles, catalyst in pet production, activator in glass industry, flocculant in titanium dioxide production, paints and adhesives industries, ceramic frites. Antimony Trisulfide [Sb₂S₃, CAS RN; 1345-04-6] Dark orange to black rhombic crystals; insoluble in water; melts at 546 C; soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid and sulfides, used as a pigment, and in pyrotechnics; used on safety matches and in vulcanizing rubber; used in combination with antimony oxides as a yellow pigment in glass and porcelain; Potassium Antimonate [KSbO₃, CAS RN; ] white powder; soluble in water; used as an oxidizing agent at high temperature; fire proofing auxiliary; enamel opacifier; as a glass fining agent and a decolorizer in glass tubes and fiber glass. Sodium Antimonate [NaSbO₃, CAS RN; 15432-85-6] white powder; soluble in water; used as an oxidizing agent at high temperature; fire proofing auxiliary; enamel opacifier; as a glass fining agent and a decolorizer in glass tubes and fiber glass. Minor compounds Antimony monosulfide [CAS RN; 12067-17-3] Antimony tetramer [CAS RN; 12597-17-0] Antimony(III) isopropoxide [CAS RN; 18770-47-3] Antimony(III) methoxide Antimony(III)ethoxide [CAS RN; 10433-06-4] Chlorofluorotrimethylantimony [CAS RN; 13077-54-8] Chlorohydroxytriphenylantimony [CAS RN; 36368-97-5 Ddichlorotris(4-bromophenyl)antimony [CAS RN; 125716-16-7 Diantimony diselenide [CAS RN; 12294-12-1] Diantimony tetrasulfide [CAS RN; 12359-48-7] Diantimony triselenide [CAS RN; 1315-05-5] Dibromotributylantimony [CAS RN; 16629-56-4 Dichlorotribenzylantimony [CAS RN; 19493-17-5 Dioxygenyl hexafluoroantimonate [CAS RN; 12361-66-9] Diphenyl(o-tolyl)antimony [CAS RN; 312308-62-6 Hexafluoroantimonic acid [CAS RN; 16950-06-4] Lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) [CAS RN; 18424-17-4] Magic acid (fluorosulfuric acid-antimony pentafluoride ) [CAS RN; 23854-38-8] Nitronium hexafluoroantimonate(V) [CAS RN; 17856-92-7] Nitrosonium (nitrosyl) hexafluoroantimonate [CAS RN; 16941-06-3] Potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V) 12208-13-8 Potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate [CAS RN; 28300-74-5] Potassium hexafluoroantimonate Potassium hexafluoroantimonate(V) 16893-92-8 Potassium Pyroantimonate, [CAS RN; 29638-69-5] Silver (I) hexafluoroantimonate [CAS RN; 10090-54-7, 26042-64-8] Sodium hexafluoroantimonate [CAS RN; 16925-25-0] Sodium thioantimonate(V) 10101-91-4 Tetrabutylantimony(v) bromide, [CAS RN; 45212-19-9] Tetraphenylantimony bromide [CAS RN; 16894-69-2] Triantimony disulfide [CAS RN; 107373-21-7] Triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate 3264-67-3 Trimethylantimony bromide[CAS RN; 5835-64-3] Trimethylantimony dichloride [CAS RN; 13059-67-1] Trimethylantimony diiodide [CAS RN; 13077-53-7] trimethyloxonium hexachlorantimonate [CAS RN; 54075-76-2] Triphenylantimony [CAS RN; 603-36-1] Triphenylantimony diacetate [CAS RN; 1538-62-1] Triphenylantimony dibenzoate [CAS RN; 57997-56-5] Triphenylantimony dichloride [CAS RN; 594-31-0] Triphenylantimony sulfide [CAS RN; 3958-19-8] Triphenylcarbenium hexachloroantimonate [CAS RN; 52704-88-8] Triphenylthioantimonate [CAS RN; 28609-58-7] Tris(1-naphthyl)antimony [CAS RN; 27309-70-2] Tris(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)antimony [CAS RN; 386-91-4] Tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate [CAS RN; 24964-91-8] Tris(4-bromophenyl)antimony [CAS RN; 17946-45-1] Tris(dimethylamino)antimony [CAS RN; 7289-92-1] Tris(o-tolyl)antimony [CAS RN; 23822-15-3] Tris(p-tolyl)antimony [CAS RN; 5395-43-7]