Gluconic acid is a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid with six carbon length. It is derived from glucose by oxidation of the aldehyde group on the C-1 to a carboxyl group. It is abundant in plants, fruits and other foodstuffs. Commercially the physiological d-form gluconic acid is prepared by fermentation process. It has a carboxylic group and five hydroxy groups, and thus is a good chelator particularly in alkaline conditions. Chelation is a chemical combination with a metal in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring. Organic ligand is called  chelator or chelating agent, the chelate is a metal complex. The larger number of ring closures to a metal atom is the more stable the compound. Chelation is applied in metal complex chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, and environment protection. It is used in chemotherapeutic treatments for metal poisoning. Chelating agents offers a wide range of sequestrants to control metal ions in aqueous systems. By forming stable water soluble complexes with multivalent metal ions,  chelating agents prevent undesired interaction by blocking normal reactivity of metal ions. Heavy metals are chelated in alkaline solution and their interferences are eliminated gluconic acid. Concentrated gluconic acid solution contains certain lactone structure, a neutral cyclic ester, showing antiseptic property. Gluconic acid and its derivatives (salts or esters) are used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as mineral supplements to prevent the deficiency and as buffer salts. They are used as ingredients in various hygienic products. In industrial applications, they are used for scale removal in metal cleanings, industrial and household cleaning compounds including mouth washer, metal finishing, water treatments, and as paper and textile auxiliaries.

Molecular compounds of gluconate

Product

CAS RN
Borogluconate 87-46-7
Gluconolactone 90-80-2
Lactobionic acid 96-82-2
Gluconic acid 133-42-6
Calcium Gluconate 299-28-5
Ferrous gluconate 299-29-6
Potassium Gluconate 299-27-4
3-Deoxy-D-gluconic acid 498-43-1
Choline gluconate 507-30-2
D-Gluconic acid 526-95-4
Sodium gluconate 527-07-1
Copper gluconate 527-09-3
Maltobionic acid 534-42-9
Cellobionic acid 534-41-8
D-arabino-2-Hexulosonic acid 669-90-9
5-Ketogluconic acid 815-89-4
Gluconic acid-6-phosphate 921-62-0
Glucono-gamma-lactone 1198-69-2
Ammonium gluconate 2554-04-3
2,5-Diketogluconic acid 2595-33-7
6-Phosphonoglucono-delta-lactone 2641-81-8
2-Deoxy-6-phosphogluconate 3006-63-1
Gluconamide 3118-85-2
2-Deoxygluconic acid 3442-69-1
Magnesium gluconate anhydrous 3632-91-5
D-Glucosamic acid 3646-68-2
N-(2-Mercaptoethyl)gluconamide 3786-84-3
Cobalt(2+) gluconate 3791-65-9
Erythromycin lactobionate 3847-29-8
Quinine gluconate 4325-25-1
Zinc gluconate 4468-02-4
Calcium bis(4-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-D-gluconate) 5001-51-4
N-D-Gluconoylglycine 5616-22-8
Calcium borogluconate 5743-34-0
Iron(II) gluconate dihydrate 6047-12-7
2-Amino-2-deoxygluconic acid 6165-14-6
Manganese gluconate 6485-39-8
Quinidine Gluconate 7054-25-3
Noracymethadol gluconate 7645-01-4
Instillagel 8060-72-8
Gluconate 6-sulfate 10092-88-3
Strontium D-gluconate 10101-21-0
Glyburide 10238-21-8
Ammonium gluconate 10361-31-6
Gluconimycin 11003-95-5
(Gluconato)(lactato)calcium 11116-97-5
Sodium glucaspaldrate 12214-50-5
Calcium kinate gluconate 12261-92-6
Ferrous gluconate dihydrate 12389-15-0
Sodium antimonylgluconate 12550-17-3
Calcium glubionate 12569-38-9
Copper D-gluconate 13005-35-1
N,N-Dimethyl-D-gluconamide 13096-65-6
Pangamic acid 13149-69-4
Aloglutamol 13755-41-4
5-Amino-5-deoxygluconic acid delta-lactam 14904-83-7
Sodium D-gluconate 14906-97-9
Sodium 2-ketogluconate 14984-38-4
N-D-Gluconoyl-L-leucine 15893-50-2
Sodium stibogluconate 16037-91-5
Calcium heptagluconate 17140-60-2
2-Keto-3-deoxygluconate 17510-99-5
(D-Gluconato-O1,O2)(D-glycero-D-gluco-heptonato-O1,O2)magnesium 18312-25-9
N-Hexadecyl-D-gluconamide 18375-65-0
N-Octadecyl-D-gluconamide 18375-66-1
N-Dodecyl-D-gluconamide 18375-63-8
N-Decyl-D-gluconamide 18375-62-7
N-Tetradecyl-D-gluconamide 18375-64-9
N-Hexyl-D-gluconamide 18375-59-2
N-Butyl-D-gluconamide 18375-57-0
N-Octyl-D-gluconamide 18375-61-6
Chlorhexidine gluconate 18472-51-0
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucono-(1,5)-lactone 19026-22-3
Ammonium D-gluconate 19222-41-4
2-Ketogluconate 20248-27-5
2-Aminoethanol D-gluconate 20405-61-2
Methyl 2-keto-D-gluconate 21063-40-1
Hydroquinidine gluconate 21666-86-4
Melibionic acid 21675-38-7
Barium di-D-gluconate 22561-74-6
Potassium glucaldrate 23835-15-6
Calcium 2,5-diketogluconic acid 24940-63-4
2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate 27244-54-8
N-(2-Ethylhexyl)-D-gluconamide 28567-53-5
Gilutensin gluconate 28599-37-3
3-Deoxy-3-fluorogluconic acid 29724-55-8
Bromolactobionic acid 33659-28-8
Sodium ferric gluconate complex 34089-81-1
Ferriclate calcium sodium 34150-62-4
Potassium D-gluconate 35087-77-5
Stannous gluconate 35984-19-1
Ferric gluconate 38658-53-6
Triethanolamine gluconate 42728-79-0
N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)-D-gluconamide 51812-79-4
Quaternium-22 51812-80-7
N-Docosyl-D-gluconamide 51920-48-0
Cellobionolactone 52762-22-8
2,5-Diketogluconate 53736-12-2
Glucono-delta-lactone 54910-68-8
N-sec-Butyl-D-gluconamide 55264-32-9
Frubiase 56391-76-5
Ioglunide 56562-79-9
Glusoferron 56959-18-3
Aluminum D-gluconate 60007-93-4
Lithium D-gluconate 60816-70-8
N-Oleoyl-D-gluconamide 63125-71-3
Mercury(I) gluconate 63937-14-4
Ioglucomide 63941-74-2
Ioglucol 63941-73-1
N,N'-Ethylenebis-D-gluconamide 66803-04-1
2,2'-Iminobis(ethanol) D-gluconate 66808-27-3
Morpholine D-gluconate 67952-31-2
Bismuth potassium D-gluconate 68988-33-0
N-(6-Aminohexyl)-D-gluconamide 69489-85-6
Erythromycin 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-gluconate 69779-46-0
Tetrakis(D-gluconato)zirconium 70983-41-4
Bis(D-gluconato-O1,O2)cobalt 71957-08-9
Bis(D-gluconato-O1,O2)nickel 71957-07-8
Ferastral 73361-47-4
D-Gluconyl-glycine azide 73936-75-1
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-D-gluconamide 74426-36-1
6-Arsenogluconate 76030-89-2
Potassium guaiacolsulfonate 78247-49-1
N,N'-Hexane-1,6-diylbis-D-gluconamide 78841-03-9
Nomilen 84128-96-1
Zirconium, sodium D-gluconate complex 84583-87-9
N-(3-(Tetradecylamino)propyl)-D-gluconamide 86702-61-6
N-(3-(Hexadecylamino)propyl)-D-gluconamide 86702-62-7
N-(3-(Decylamino)propyl)-D-gluconamide 86702-59-2
N-(3-(Dodecylamino)propyl)-D-gluconamide 86702-60-5
Dihydroxy-aluminium-gluconate, N-cyclohexyl-piperazinoacetamide complex 88732-96-1
N-Cyclohexyl-N-methyl-D-gluconamide 93804-57-0
N-sec-Butyl-N-methyl-D-gluconamide 93804-58-1
N,N-Diethyl-D-gluconamide 93804-59-2
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-octyl-D-gluconamide 93840-54-1
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-tetradecyl-D-gluconamide 93840-73-4
N-(4-((4-Aminocyclohexyl)methyl)cyclohexyl)-D-gluconamide 93840-52-9
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-decyl-D-gluconamide 93840-55-2
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-dodecyl-D-gluconamide 93840-56-3
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-octadecyl-D-gluconamide 93840-51-8
N,N'-(Methylenedicyclohexane-4,1-diyl)bis-D-gluconamide 93840-53-0
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-hexadecyl-D-gluconamide 93840-50-7
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-(Z)-octadec-9-en-1-yl-D-gluconamide 93840-57-4
Sodium 3-deoxygluconate 93857-41-1
N,N'-o-Phenylenebis-D-gluconamide 93858-60-7
N-(3-(Octadecylamino)propyl)-D-gluconamide 93980-89-3
N-(3-(Octylamino)propyl)-D-gluconamide 93980-73-5
N-D-Gluconoyl-L-aspartic acid 93980-75-7
N-(3-((Z)-Octadec-9-en-1-ylamino)propyl)-D-gluconamide 93980-74-6
N-D-Gluconoyl-L-glutamic acid 93980-76-8
Zirconium D-gluconate 94023-24-2
N-Icosyl-D-gluconamide 94070-87-8
N-Hexadec-7-en-1-yl-D-gluconamide 94070-88-9
N-D-Gluconoyl-L-cystine 94070-99-2
N-D-Gluconoyl-L-valine 94071-06-4
N-D-Gluconoyl-L-cysteine 94071-03-1
N-(2-Aminophenyl)-D-gluconamide 94071-04-2
N2-D-Gluconoyl-L-lysine 94071-00-8
N2,N6-Di-D-gluconoyl-L-lysine 94071-02-0
N2-D-Gluconoyl-N5-((D-gluconoylamino)iminomethyl)-L-ornithine 94071-05-3
N6-D-Gluconoyl-L-lysine 94071-01-9
Betaine D-gluconate 94108-03-9
N5-((D-Gluconoylamino)iminomethyl)-L-ornithine 94158-49-3
N-D-Gluconoyl L-methionate 94231-87-5
N,N'-Di-D-gluconoyl-L-cystine 94231-92-2
N-D-Gluconoyl-L-arginine 94231-89-7
N-D-Gluconoyl-L-alanine 94231-91-1
N-D-Gluconoyl-beta-alanine 94231-90-0
alpha-(D-Gluconamido)cyclohexanepropionic acid 94231-88-6
Bismuth(3+) D-gluconate 94232-39-0
(D-Gluconato-O1,O2)(D-gluco-heptonato-O1,O2)calcium 94233-02-0
(D-Gluconato-O1,O2)silver 94276-84-3
(D-Gluconato-O1)(D-glycero-D-gulo-heptonato-O1)calcium 95873-61-3
(D-Gluconato-O1)(D-glycero-D-ido-heptonato-O1)calcium 95873-62-4
Poly-N-4-vinylbenzyllactonamide 96910-25-7
Calcium glubionate anhydrous 97635-31-9
2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate 99257-07-5
Gluconohydroximo-1,5-lactone-N-phenylurethane 102579-56-6
Gluconohydroximo-1,5-lactone 104013-53-8
Dobutamine lactobionate 104564-71-8
N-n-Undecylgluconamide 104883-69-4
Calcium lactobionate 110638-68-1
N-Methylglucamine gluconate 114031-22-0
Manninotrionate 122871-01-6
Aprosulate sodium 123072-45-7
3-Methoxypropylgluconamide 126094-21-1
N-Acetylglucosaminono-1,5-lactone O-(phenylcarbamoyl)oxime 132489-69-1
Clarithromycin lactobionate 135326-55-5
4-O-Tetradecanoyl-2,3-dideoxyglucono-1,5-lactone 153764-21-7
Barixibat 263562-28-3